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how to teach phonics to kids
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how to teach phonics to kids
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how to teach phonics to kids
how to teach phonics to kids
This means, they should be taught about the sound of the alphabets out loud. Phase 2: In this phase, the focus is on the perception of sounds. They will be able to sound through each part of a word and determine the letters needed to write it. Applying Phonics in a Reading Experience. As the name suggests, phonics is related to sound. Then get them to repeat the word after youve said it. We think its best to deal with words like these, Dont ask your child to guess words in books based on the pictures or context, And if you click on the following link or the images below you can access our, In addition to these resources, weve compiled a variety of other, Click on the following link for further ideas if you have, Some educators recommend that so-called , We dont think its necessary or helpful to teach high-frequency words in this way for reasons we discuss in separate articles on. Next, get your child to repeat the 3-step procedure for the same word as you point to each letter again, or guide them to point to each letter. Reading fluency dramatically enhances students ability to read with intonation and energy that translates into expressive writing skills. The advantage of magnetic letters or alphabet cards is that you can add or remove the extra letter as many times as you want. The reason phonics is so widely used is that research shows it works! There are a variety of alphabet cards available online and you can even purchase foam alphabet letters for your child to play with in the bath. 3. You can point out or highlight the irregular part of the words as we have done. sound/letter correspondences), certain prerequisite skills need to be developed, including: Children must be able to listen carefully to the sounds of speech. Some CCVC and CVCC words are trap, plan, stop, milk, fast, and cart. This means that the children should be able to see the letter and know how they sound. If they get some wrong or are slow to recall the sounds of a few of the letters, then make a note of the ones they are struggling with. Start by teaching the basic sounds of the English language. Also one frequently asked question is should I teach writing along with letter sounds? Educators teaching phonics to preschoolers. 1. Thus in Jolly phonics the first sounds taught are s,a,t,i,p,n. This process is known as segmenting and blending. Its important that children can recognise the letter sounds without hesitation before they attempt to read any words that contain these sounds. Teaching them the sounds of letters can be challenging as young children (toddlers) find it difficult to learn abstract things. This step first introduces long vowels. This is also known as decoding. Phonics is a way or method of learning how to read and write by the study of sounds. Remember that children should practise spelling these words as well as reading them. Unfortunately, very young children can find writing quite difficult. At this very early stage, its helpful if your child has a good grasp of the meaning of a word before they attempt to read it. For example, when s and h are paired together in words like. You can start with downloading these letter sounds phonics worksheets for kids. This isnt anything to worry about, just keep gently correcting them and they will eventually get the idea that different letters combine to make different words. In contrast, digraphs represent single sounds that are often different from the individual letters that make them up. For instance, ai usually makes the sound of a or ay. There are also different opinions about the best order to teach letter sounds. Children should acquire most of these skills naturally if you read to them regularly, but weve provided more comprehensive guidance in our article about, Studies suggest that beginning readers have an advantage if theyve developed good, And a decent understanding of spoken English is vital for, Studies indicate that its most effective to teach children the simplest parts of the. So, whenever possible, include the sounds in routine life. Children stand up and stomp out the sounds in a word. There are 2 main approaches to teaching phonics - synthetic and analytic. Some people teach all of the letters before doing any blending and this might be the easiest approach with younger children. Colouring isnt as beneficial as writing letters but it can still help your child get familiar with the letter shapes. Once youve demonstrated the idea for 2 or 3 words, see if they can do a new word all by themselves. Let's start with a simple word 'mat'; it's a one-letter grapheme where the sound /m/ is represented by the letter m. In the word 'similar', there are words with 2, 3, and 4 letter graphemes. You will not need individual worksheets then. Seidenberg, M. (20017), Language at the Speed of Sight, Basic Books. The English language has a complicated spelling system that requires sequential instruction. In general, its better to space out sessions over the week than to cram them into one or two days. I have listed them below. Remember, we want our kids to be lifelong readers, and that means they need to enjoy it! Avoid buying kits as most of them are not based completely on jolly phonics and may confuse your kid more. Write different letters or blends and let kids make words with them. For instance, the letter d represented in the words duck or desk is quite different from the letter name, which sounds more like dee. Reading isn't just about knowing sound-skill relationships. These could be initial consonants, vowel digraphs, or pictures of nouns. Consider the word rough. The following table gives a list of words that contain the common letter sounds. Decoding Children first learn to recognize individual letters and say the sounds they produce. For example, in the word was, the letter a sounds like an o and the letter s sounds like a z. It involves the use of handwriting practice and the practice of sounding out words. Move on to easy 4 letter phonetic words once they are done with CCVC and CVCC words. Increases concentration and patience. Start With Common Sounds Phonics revolves around letters in written words and their relationship with the individual sounds in spoken words. Their response should be instant and automatic. They must be able to recognize which sound comes before or after another. Schooltime Snippets. You can adapt it to say, I spy with my little eye something beginning with and say a sound rather than a letter. Theres a reading expectation by the end of each grade and that can only be realized throughcorrect phonics teaching. There are also some commercial DVDs that introduce letter names in interesting ways and t. here are some good free videos available on sites such as YouTube. This means they should be familiar with books and they should understand that that writing represents spoken words. The next step in how to learn phonics sounds is to familiarise your child with the sounds of the letters. When you are asking your students to write something, you can make the sound and ask them what letter they could use to show this sound. Dont worry if youve already taught your child the letter names. To check if they are ready, shuffle some letter cards and hold them up one at a time for your child. That means there are many different ways to spell each sound. The following outline can serve as a practical general guide. Later, when your child has become reasonably proficient, its actually good for them to attempt reading a few words that theyve never heard before. 8. Downloadable Printables (for readers outside India), these letter sounds phonics worksheets for kids, these downloadable phonics flashcards for kids, CVC word family clip cards Beginning sounds | Sharing Our Experiences, https://www.jollylearning.co.uk/resource-bank/handy-tricky-word-list/, downloadable sight words worksheets for kids, Best Baby care products for newborns in India (honest reviews from moms) Updated August 2022, How to Teach Safe and Unsafe Touch to Preschoolers (Includes Best good touch bad touch books for preschoolers), Best Fancy Dress Ideas for Kids Freedom Fighter Fancy Dress Ideas, Shop our products (if you are outside India), Educational Flashcards for babies and toddlers Combo pack. Phonics is the process of teaching children to correlate an individual sound with its corresponding letter or letter group. Thus Phonics helps kids to use skill and strategy to decode new words. All rights reserved. To ensure effectiveness, here's a step by step guide on how phonics should be systematically taught. Teaching Phonics to Kids Frequently Asked Questions. We describe a more traditional approach below that has been used very effectively in schools. We dont vocalise the individual letter sounds, the two letters represent one sound. There are 42 sounds in jolly phonics that are made of 26 letters and digraphs. Phonics is a vast subject that requires special skills to be able to teach. The above steps should be followed. With consonant blends, such as the fr in frog, each letter still represents a separate sound and they dont need to be recognised as a special letter pairing. sat, pin, pat). As different schools may follow different methods of teaching. Children should acquire most of these skills naturally if you read to them regularly, but weve provided more comprehensive guidance in our article about early literacy skills. How to Teach Phonics to Children Make words As you teach your child the basics of phonics, they will start to make more words by using the basic phonic alphabet. To complicate things even more, some digraphs with the same spelling can represent 2 alternative sounds: There are other digraphs that we havent mentioned in this article to avoid making it too long. To make things easier, weve included examples of, Remember that its also really helpful to teach spelling alongside reading in a phonics programme. Focus on . sequencing for teachers and students here. When a child is able to read is highly dependent on when the child learns phonics. Stage 5: Blending and Segmenting More Complex Words. That would just be decoding. Phonics instruction is centred around the relationships between the letters in written words (graphemes) and the individual sounds in spoken words (phonemes). Students learning phonics learn the sounds that letters and letter combinations make and how to put those sounds together to form words and sentences. Shuffle the cards and lay them out face down. For example, when s and h are paired together in words like shop, or fish we say a sound thats rather like the sound we make when we want someone to be quiet: sh. High-Frequency Words, Tricky Words and Common Exception Words Explained, Teach Your Child to Spell More Complex Words. The main point is: nursery rhymes - do lots of them! Blending involves merging the individual letter sounds to form words. Adjust the speed of pointing between letters so that you point to the letters more quickly in step 2. While a lot of reinforcement will be required over the course of the year, research has shown that keeping a brisk pace through a phonics program achieves the best results. It can be illustrated using simple words such as du. Whilst phonics is a perfect way to teach younger children, typically aged between 4-7 years old, it can also be used at any age. Pool Noodle Words - Take a pool noodle and cut it into rings. Synthetic phonics is a systematic approach to teaching children to read and spell. We ensure to provide our customers with 5 Star Personal Customer Service and ease of use through Aura Simplified Website Structure (ASWS). Blends (2 letters blended together to form sounds like bl, st, sm etc). Reading through age-appropriate texts will often encourage kids to read loudly and spell well. Your child will be able to identify and blend the different letter sounds and the combinations of letters . 5. As children progress and meet new types of words in a phonics programme, its vitally important to keep the instruction relevant and meaningful. Simple words to complex word combinations are advisable. And a decent understanding of spoken English is vital for reading comprehension. Parents who want to learn how to teach phonics at home. By learning the different sounds your child will be able to learn simple words using phonemes and graphemes. Click on the image to download the word list. What is Phonics? Introduce each letter sound with fun action, stories and songs. But its more difficult if you pronounce the letters as cuh-a-tuh. These are high-frequency words with regular and irregular spellings like and, am, they, some. The above steps are straightforward and easy to follow. In our opinion, it isnt necessary to use academic terminology when you are teaching beginning readers. Stage 2: Blending and Segmenting Simple 2 and 3 Letter Words. But if we teach them the sounds of 10 letters they can read many more words with those letters of the alphabet. This way, instruction is done in a sequential manner that enables learners to grasp reading and spelling easily. We discuss the reasons for this in some detail in another article you can access from the above link. Here are some other examples of digraphs/letter teams children need to learn: Children need to practise plenty of examples of words containing each of these digraphs before they will recognise them automatically. It involves teaching sounds made by via letter sound relationships. CVC words are words in the arrangement of consonant, vowel, and consonant. The most common sounds your child will mimic are animal sounds and cars. Steps to Teach Phonics to Kids Step 1- Decoding the Word - Children should be taught by letter sound in reception. Phonics helps with language development. Some phonics programmes focus on a couple of irregular words each week while continuing with other stages of the programme. The Big Letter Bunnies game from ict games is a simple but engaging way for children to learn about capitals. In stage 3, we met words with adjacent consonant digraphs that represent just one sound (for example: off and pull and duck). Joining support forums is also good. To teach phonics with this simple card game, make two sets of cards with your phonics words. https://amzn.to/3sx5og7 Phonics Storybooks for kidshttps://amzn.to/3rzbcog level 1 Phonic reade. If they struggle, just lead them through it and then move on to another new word. In English, there are around 44 sounds or phonemes. At this stage, your child is undergoing Phase 1 of understanding phonics. Phonemic awareness is the phoneme ("speech sound") part of this skill, and involves children blending, segmenting, and playing with sounds to make new words. Once children have a basic grasp of the skills we describe below, they should be able to read and spell dozens of simple words. For medical advice, consult your physician. A former principal of an international school and English university lecturer with 15 years of teaching and administration experience. For example, the word "bat" can be spelled three ways - bat, bate, and batt. This stage introduces words that have adjacent consonantsand words with 2 syllables. They should also be familiar with sequencing language such as first, second, before, after, then etc. Teach phonics sounds explicitly. Segmenting is the ability to break down words into individual sounds. They cover alphabet sounds activities, Also you can get these downloadable phonics flashcards for kids They cover objects starting with each letter, Once your child is able to identify sounds you can get these missing letter sounds worksheets, You can also buy Jolly phonics pupil and teachers books from amazon. These sounds represent letters, and the connection between them is what phonics aims to explore. We need to give them experience decoding and we also need to give them experience making meaning. Reducing the pause in the second step helps them to hear and grasp how the individual sounds merge together to make the word in step 3. The easiest level of phonological awareness is word play, or the syllable level. Ensure you consistently use the same actions every time for a specific sound to avoid confusion. It is difficult for a child to unlearn so wait for your school to start or learn the rules and the teach. Many sites that describe the steps in phonics instruction miss out segmenting, but this skill is just as important as blending because it provides kids with a very important spelling strategy. Your child will read short, easy books containing the particular letter sounds or words they're working on. 16 Parenting Styles | Psychology and Impact on Children, Important things to take when travelling with kids, The Benefits of Buying Baby Formula from Europe amid Shortages in the USA, 10 Unique Personalized Gifts for New and Expecting Mum this Christmas. Simply decide what you want to work on and place those into suitably sized grids (99 works well). This is an effective approach that works well with school-age children, but its not essential. As they turn more confident with letters, this activity can be done by them without adult supervision. Reading specialist, Tami Reis-Frankfort, demonstrates the precise pronunciation of the letter sounds in the video below. There are two aspects of learning letter sounds: The simplest way to introduce decoding is to show your child a printed alphabet card and then say the letter sound clearly several times. One of the criticisms of synthetic phonics is that the word lists can make the reading limited and boring for the . That's why the official school curriculum says that children need to be taught to read using a systematic phonics system. This is something to consider when engaged in your long-term planning. Weve compiled a. Click on the image to view and download the pdf document. As parents, we may not be aware of the specific ways phonics is taught at school, or even be completely oblivious to the activities that can help teach phonics. Phonics has deep roots in our education system, and while many see phonics as a separate subject, that isnt the case. If your child is struggling to recall the individual sounds they wont be able to grasp how they merge together to form words. Phonics is of utmost importance ininstilling effective reading, spelling, and writing skills. If you say the letter sounds c-a-t one after the other it is quite easy to pick out the word cat. 1. Stage 4: Introduce Alternative Sounds for Letters and Common Exception Words. Persistence, practice and patience are the three Ps that parents need to follow if they want their children to read, write and speak well. Magnetic Letter Switch - Give kids magnetic letters and a magnetic surface. Before beginning to learn phonics in earnest (e.g. Organize students into pairs and provide them each with a copy of the same text. Shanes latest Book, The Complete Guide to Nonfiction Writing, can be found here. As with only these sounds they can read and write many words like sat, tin, pin, tip, sit, and so on. As children progress and meet new types of words in a phonics programme, its vitally important to keep the instruction relevant and meaningful. Phonics means using letter sounds to help you read words. However, teaching phonics to your children is going to take a little background knowledge, patience and time. We have a complete guide to sequencing for teachers and students here. For example children will learn sound of letter m a t which they will sound out as /mmmm/ /aa/ /t/) and then will be able to blend the sounds together to read word mat. It is easy to devise customized actions to go along with the various sounds of English and then teach these to your class. Then move on to teaching say m, d and g. And if you click on the following link or the images below you can access our free phonemic awareness blending games online page. The content for this page has been written by Shane Mac Donnchaidh. Since this modifies the sound of the vowel (by making it sound like its letter name) its sometimes called magic e. For example, in the word was, the letter a sounds like an o and the letter s sounds like a z. Step 1 - Letter Sounds Most phonics programmes start by teaching children to see a letter and then say the sound it represents. This activity will help capture their attention on a vacation or a field trip. If you decide to include pictures with captions, its better if you only show them. For example, when faced with the word cat, a student might run their finger under the first letter and make the initial /k/ sound, then /a/, and, finally, /t/. Grapheme : a written letter or group of letters, like 's', 'a', 'she' or 'air'. Children are ready to start phonics around 3 to 4 years of age. Use this " ghost spelling " activity to reinforce silent letter spelling patterns. Is Phonics the Best Way to Teach a Child to Read? But, when saying the word, it makes the sound of eh. The process of introducing alternative sounds for letters is something that will continue through each of the subsequent stages in the programme. How to teach phonics to kindergarten children - YouTube 0:00 / 5:41 How to teach phonics to kindergarten children 321,982 views Mar 6, 2014 Teacher trainer, Freia Layfield, shares her top. With these tips, you can start teaching your child Jolly Phonics step by step. There are also some educational electronic toys that are designed to teach children the alphabet, but most seem to give the letter names instead of the sounds which dont help with reading as weve already mentioned. Contextual cues might work sometimes for simple picture books, but children can have problems later when they encounter harder books with more words and fewer pictures. Thats why students need to learn to read some words by sight alone. Tablets and smartphones can be helpful tools in your child's education, if the device is used correctly and for ideal periods of time. We share the profoundly reduced prices, saving you 55-80% off retail costs. A phonemes list will help in this stage. So a kid has to learn them as they are. In and around 10 to 15 minutes is ideal and no more than 20 minutes. 2. In phonics we have 42 sounds. We suggest you avoid using letter names in the early stages of phonics as it might hinder the learning to read process. The aim is for children to be able to see a letter and then say the sound it represents out loud. Analytic phonics is a phonics teaching method that is used in many schools. Children blend the word back together. Weve compiled a list of suitable words you can download for free. The x sound isnt normally heard at the start of words even when x is the first letter. CVC words are 3 letter words that begin with a consonant, have a single letter short vowel sounds and then another consonant. Sharing our experiences is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. While there are other methods of learning to read employed with emergent readers in the classroom, in two decades of teaching, Ive never seen another methodology come anywhere close to phonics for overall effectiveness. BLENDING: Now that your child can identify the 26 letters by their names, shapes, and sounds, it is time to put them together to form words. Its important to avoid any confusion between letter sounds and letter names. Split digraphs-formerly known as magic e. Next, you will show them the same word, but with an extra consonant at the start of it. The first student picks two cards and reads the words. If you are looking for pdf packs containing fun interactive activities and worksheets for teaching digraphs you can get from below links, Digraph ch words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph ng words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph wh/ph words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph sh words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences. Most schools in the UK now teach reading through phonics. Later, the students knowledge of phonics can help them develop the active skill of writing or encoding. Over the years, it has been improved upon, making it more geared towards the reading success of children. Click on the following link to download a list of suitable words that start with adjacent consonants. Word family is a set of words having similar patterns like same ending.Word families help . How to Teach Children Phonics Download Article methods 1 Introducing Letters and Sounds with Flashcards 2 Matching Letter Sounds with Picture Cards 3 Filling in Blank Squares to Make Words + Show 2 more. However, weve included some of the terms in this article as you are likely to encounter them at some point if you explore other sources of information. So phonics helps kids with sound based rules that helps them to read and write easily. There are four types of phonics, each focusing on a different method of learning. You will also find phonics resources (books, activity books and pdf printables) that you can use for teaching your kids. Only sounds made by one letter. So write a single word on a piece of paper or mini-whiteboard or make a word with magnetic letters. The English language has so many exceptions. This massive collection of READING ACTIVITIES covers all essential reading skills for elementary/primary students. It makes sense to start with 2-syllable words as these are usually the shortest and it. We want to keep things as simple as possible when children are learning to read, so you dont need to mention the term consonants to your child at this stage (unless you know they are already familiar with the term). Phonics is based on the alphabetic principle. So, always begin with simple words like up or at or 3-letter words like hot or box. You could show them the words as, has, is and hisand explain that in these words the letter s represents the sound normally signified by the letter z. Even if you dont introduce the words with alphabet cards its still worth using these to help your child with spelling the words. Sight words are words that do not follow any rule of phonics and young children are encouraged to memorize them as whole. This type of phrasing reinforces the correct relationship between the letters and sounds. Whatever age they are, its helpful for children to have some basic literacy skills before they start phonics instruction. Introduce a new tricky word. 7. You can also get children to read simple captions such as a black dog or ducks in a pond. Preschool Kids are taught Capital letter ABC, In Nursery kids are taught small alphabet letter sounds and letter formation (writing). You can teach your child letter names, later on, just tell them that each letter has a sound as well as a name, and right now, we are focusing on the sound aspect. The following strategy can help to get the idea across. Whatever age they are, its helpful for children to have some basic literacy skills before they start phonics instruction. There are quite a few common words with irregular spellings that are more difficult to read using basic phonics knowledge. For example, think of the sound the letter b represents in the words bug or bat; its quite different from the letter name, which sounds more like bee. (Pausing between each letter sound and emphasising the first letter). They learn how different letters and letter clusters can produce similar sounds like ai in rain and ay in the day. How to Teach Phonics to Kids? These involve 2 vowels that make the same sound but are split by a consonant like a-e as in cake, e-e, i-e, o-e. The more you expose your child to the letters and their corresponding sounds the quicker they will pick them up. If they get them all correct, confidently and without having to pause for thought, then they are ready for stage 2. Make it a Daily Habit Not only do young learners love to sing and dance, learning phonics through a song will help students to remember the phonetic sounds of the alphabet. Some phonics programmes recommend that lowercase letters should be taught first because these appear much more frequently in print. Another important thing is Do not rush your kids to start with phonics and if you are teaching yourself learn from an accredited teacher (who is accredited to teach others) . Use systematic phonics: introduce one sound pattern at a time. In general below is the sequence followed: The Alphabet is a great place to start teaching phonics. A good phonics programme can make the whole process a lot less overwhelming by introducing new digraphs in a structured and logical sequence. We think this is a reasonable approach, but t. he timing of introducing capitals isnt crucial. Research suggests that systematic synthetic phonics might be the most effective type of phonics instruction. By doing this, they not only have concentration for a longer span but also show amazing patience in dealing with day-to-day life. When to teach phonics depends more on a childs individual stage of development than their age. Over the centuries, it has been influenced by the German, Latin, French, Greek, and Celtic languages, among others. However, the term adjacent consonantsseems to be more popular in UK schools these days. A digraph is two vowels linked together, making it sound like one, such as oa, ee, oo, and ai. By speaking with the teacher about what the children are currently learning in the class, you are opening up a parent-teacher collaboration that will be beneficial for that child. Includes free resources. Once they have successfully segmented these individual sounds, they then blend them together to say the word /kat/. Since 2012, the percentage of children achieving the expected standard in phonics has grown from around 60% to over 80% in 2019. You might find that after youve done the first 3-letter word they think that every other word you do spells the same thing. Phonics instruction is centred around the relationships between the letters in written words (, Consequently, the first step in teaching kids phonics is to introduce them to, Dont worry if youve already taught your child the letter names. 30+ TECHNOLOGY-based activities, including 20 open-ended iPad and web-based tasks. phase 5. However, these pointers are a good place to start if you want to teach your child some basic phonics at home. Get your child to say the sound of each letter and then help them to combine the sounds into the word using the same 3-step procedure we outlined in stage 2. Some sources on the internet dont seem to understand this difference. DOWNLOAD THE 100 & 200 MOST COMMON SIGHT WORDS FREE HERE. Combining the sounds together to make a word is called blending. You could introduce a new letter sound each day, but remember to also include revision of the sounds taught in previous lessons. As a guide, you might want to aim for sessions of around 10 minutes for very young children, but be prepared to stop a few minutes sooner, or go on for a few minutes longer, depending on your childs age and focus at the time. Step 2- Blending the Word - So, seeing a letter and knowing what sound it makes. Teachers give preschoolers plenty of practice before moving on. Weve also provided a suggested teaching sequence for digraphs and trigraphs of our own. Once you have taught letter sounds to your child. For this, you can use our FREE Phonics Printables on our freebie's page. Colouring isnt as beneficial as writing letters but it can still help your child get familiar with the letter shapes. This is a basic phonics activity that helps them learn each letter and its sound. Some teachers prefer to introduce blending with words that start with continuous sounds and they use a style of blending called smooth or continuous blending. Once children have learned to blend simple words, they soon notice that some of the words they meet in books dont follow the. Often there will be more than one way to show the same sound; for example, the sound /s/ can be encoded in several different ways, including as s, c, and ps. For example, the letter c is called /see/ but the letter itself usually denotes either a /k/ or /s/ sound. You can download more suitable examples by clicking on the image below. Dont ask your child to guess words in books based on the pictures or context. Learning with Phonics.com is a colorful combination of words, sounds, images, practice and play. For example, /er/ can be spelled several ways including er, ir, or, ur, and ear. Example cat, mat, sad, pen, sun, pit, dog, You can download these CVC clip cards to practice beginning sounds. Teaching phonics to children follows the same principles, where you follow a step by step approach by first teaching the child the alphabet letters and phonics sounds, and then you teach them the combination of different letters to create different words, and then you use words to form sentences. But surveyed elementary school teachers often use strategies that contradict a phonics-first approach: Seventy-five percent said they use a technique called three cuing. https://amzn.to/3crZKX1 Book for Step by step phonic lessons. Phonological/Phonemic Awareness Activities for Parents and Teachers. For each letter we introduce letter name, sound, action, story and letter formation. Also please wait for your kids school to start phonics to avoid confusing the child. So, make the best use of this guide. Ask your child to hear and identify beginning sounds and ending sounds in words. 1. Nevertheless, there are certain strategies that can be employed to grant the same benefit as a phonics session might do. Since learning phonics and ESL pronunciation also helps students break down words into their components, your students will also become better spellers. Reading Eggs. How to Teach Phonics - Auditory Discrimination Problems If a pupil had problems grasping the synthetic phonics principle, use the focus pages in ' Practice Reading and Speaking '. The use of phonics, or synthetic phonics as this method is technically known, is an effective and efficient means of teaching young students how to read. Stage 3: Blending and Segmenting Words with Simple Digraphs. You could introduce 2 or 3 after your child has mastered the lowercase ones and then introduce a couple of new capital letters each week. For many people, the thought of ploughing through all these digraphs and trigraphs with a child can seem daunting. You might also find it useful to read our articles about the shwa sound and teaching the schwa sound. These include: Trigraphs three letters that produce a single sound like tch in itch come next.Phonic charts are handy in this step since they show sounds made when letters are blended. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. This includes the letters of the alphabet and their corresponding sounds. This will set them on a path to being accomplished, confident readers.Reading stories aloud to a child is crucial at this stage since children listen and pick up new words easily. Hands On As We Grow. TRENDING>>>>>> Check out this post on TEACHING NUMBERS TO TODDLERS. Later, when students come to segment words into their individual sounds, they can use these actions to help recall them. If you show a picture with a caption, your child is more likely to just guess rather than read the words. 3. You can find lots more suitable words if you follow this link to our free printable CVC word lists. Teach your child to use his finger and place it under each word as he attempts to read it loudly. Who Will Benefit the Most From Getting Dental Implants? Dont do too much in one go, especially if you are teaching preschoolers. For example a child should be able see the and understand it is the word the. Make them read the headlines of the newspaper daily Dont repeat the same set of words too often or your child might start memorising the words rather than having to work them out from the letter sounds. 3 Tips for Teaching Kids Phonics 1. Anyone who wants to provide phonics help for kids in school. A digraph is set of 2 letters that make one sound. Educators sometimes use abbreviations like CCVC, CVCC, VCC, CCCVC, CCVCC, and CCCVCC to represent different categories of these words. Silent letters should also be taught like k in talk. Children should also begin to learn how to write these letters using the correct formation. Make good use of your resources and print worksheets for your child. There are countless learning apps and videos available out there; many of them teaching phonics skills and reading. Saying the letter sounds should be easy for a child who has completed stage 1 of the programme, but dont be surprised if they cant tell you what the word is in step 3. For many people, the thought of ploughing through all these digraphs and trigraphs with a child can seem daunting. As a parent of a child learning to read, chances are youve been hearing a lot about phonics. Explain to your child that the sound isnt heard at the start of words. They must learn to filter speech sounds from other unrelated environmental sounds. Since theyve already worked out the first word, they just have to add one more sound at the start to work out the new word. Some people start teaching phonics to children who are much younger than this while others believe it is better to wait until children are around 7 years old. It will help them put the sounds of the letters together, allowing them to read words they dont know. So, for example, if the word was bat, you would point to each letter and say: The idea here is to demonstrate to your child that they need to identify and say the individual letter sounds* first and then combine them together to make a recognisable word. You have to be quite careful when pronouncing some of the consonant letters. This can be done using printed words like the ones above, or with magnetic letters or alphabet cards. Editing and support for this article have been provided by the literacyideas team. Studies indicate that its most effective to teach children the simplest parts of the alphabetic code first and then gradually introduce them to more complex letter-sound relationships as their knowledge and skills develop. Also, it may interfere with their attempts at spelling the word right. And, unfortunately, they will also have to learn a number of other letter teams that represent some of the same sounds. These kinaesthetic activities work in both small groups and as a whole class. We recommend that you avoid using letter names during early phonics instruction. This fact has led to many inconsistencies in spelling surviving in the modern language. With more than 9,000 interactive learning activities that teachreading, math, science, art, music, and more. Short vowel sound for letter a can be heard in words like apple, ant and anchor. Along with learning to read phonic words, children should also practise writing and spelling simple words correctly. Phonics is the mapping of speech sounds (phonemes) to letter patterns (graphemes). When to teach phonics depends more on a childs individual stage of development than their age. This is a leading online educational website for children ages 28. These are sometimes referred to as consonant clusters, consonant blends, or just blends. You can find lots more suitable words if you follow this link to our, Some teachers prefer to introduce blending with words that start with. If its outside their vocabulary it will be much more difficult for them to understand what is going on. Pairs of identical consonants are the simplest digraphs to learn because the letter-pairs usually represent the same sound as the individual letters. As they get more familiar with the idea, children can blend words after sounding out each letter just once. The mouth can make several sounds, and many of them play a vital role in creating the languages that we speak today. They will also be able to do the following: Listen to the world around them and copy the sounds they hear. Reading these words doesnt really require any new knowledge, but it does require a reasonable level of fluency as the words are generally a bit longer than the ones theyve met up to this point. Other examples where some of the letters have irregular sounds include has, his, do, to, go, so, he, we and of. Also, children sometimes ask about uppercase letters when they are looking at books with an adult, and it makes sense to explain the idea to them if they are showing a natural curiosity. Not all the 42 sounds are introduced directly. This is usually best achieved by playing various listening games. You can introduce multiple spellings with this kind of word search. This is especially useful in the early stages as it works well for the most basic of sounds. We may earn a small commission if you click on the ads or links or make a purchase. Some phonics programmes describe examples like these as irregular words, In order to read irregular words, children need to be gradually introduced to elements of the, For instance, at this stage, children will be familiar with the sound represented by the letter s in words such as , You might also find it useful to read our articles about the. The most commonly taught letter sounds include s, a, t, n, i, p. They then proceed to make words out of these letters and sound them out. For example, in xylophone, the x is actually pronounced like a z, and even in x-ray it doesnt have the ks sound, so dont use these as examples when you are teaching the sound to your child. The next step is to teach the consonant digraphs, i.e. We offer the following phonics activities for your preschool, kindergarten, first and second grade learners. Watch videos and talk about them later to test their memory recall. Note that some common words have letters that dont represent their usual sounds. Phonics can be defined as a body of knowledge and skills regarding how the alphabet works. For instance, to make the words frog and swim you would have to start with rog and wim, which arent real words. For the word hump, we start with hum and then add the p to make hump, and so on. Once children have learned to blend simple words, they soon notice that some of the words they meet in books dont follow the basic alphabetic code theyve been taught. Long vowel sound for letter a can be heard in words like angel, airplane. Just tell him or her that each letter has a sound as well as a name and that, , Similarly, x doesnt really represent an individual sound, it is more like a k followed by an s ks. The idea is to make it easier for children to see how adjacent consonant/blend words are built up from simpler words. The information in this guide should be helpful for people in a variety of circumstances: Disclaimer: We support the upkeep of this site with advertisements and affiliate links. Click on the following link to download a list of suitable words that end with adjacent consonants. However, it can be very difficult not to say a slight uh for some letter sounds like b, d, g and y. Inculcate the habit of reading in children from an early age. If you would like to get the worksheets based on each CVC word family here is the list: ab word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ad word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, ag word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, am word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, an word family worksheets pdf Kindergarten kids (sharingourexperiences.com), ap word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, at word family phonics worksheets pdf downloadable | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ay word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, ed word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC eg word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC em word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC en word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, et word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ib word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC id word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ig word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC im word family printable Phonics worksheets for kindergarten | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC in word family printable Phonics worksheets for kindergarten | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ip word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC it word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ix word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ob word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC od word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC og word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC op word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ot word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ox word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ub word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ug word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC um word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC un word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC up word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ut word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, For covering overall word families this downloadable CVC puzzle pack is good, you may also like these CVC word family clip cards Beginning sounds | Sharing Our Experiences. Some digraphs are split either side of a consonant. Rather than allowing students to struggle to recognize complete words, as in the whole word method, or to look for contextual clues to figure out what is being said in a text, phonics teaches students to look at the letters of a word and segment it into its component sounds, before blending these sounds back together to read the entire word. Phonics sounds for kids help unlock their ability to read unfamiliar words easily, unlike the sight-word method based on memorization. Please avoid rushing. Jolly phonics is a way of teaching phonics to kids and they have divided the sight words into 4 levels. Keep Phonics Lessons Short and Sweet. Decoding is the ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly pronounce written words. It helps them understand the context in which words are used for instance -ing represent actions, -ed for tenses. Thousands of teachers have adopted this as a GO-TO RESOURCE for independent and group tasks. You could still move on to stage 2, but dont ask them to read any words that contain these sounds until theyve mastered them. For example, ey as in key or th as in thin, or ng as in think. You can view some of the common approaches by clicking on the preceding link. When teaching phonics to kids, singing a fun and catchy phonics song is essential. Simply put, phonics is an essential stepping stone that can help children in their early years of language development and comprehension aptitude. There are quite a few common words with irregular spellings that are more difficult to read using basic phonics knowledge. This strategy doesnt suit all blend words. Sometimes phonics wont be enough to decode these words. The ck digraph could also be introduced at this point because this letter pair also represents the same sound as the individual letters. It focuses on the letter and sound correspondences to enable students to break written words down into their component sounds before later recombining them to read the whole word. mJuPz, MWTLD, wjwhK, hxCnCH, WWS, ffXeVE, dZXQr, WCO, JbzvI, GPpe, Uvz, TgPQ, oBF, keSPfa, nWab, xKA, dQpIsm, bDM, cfp, dPYWyA, ickG, YumF, WfVG, TWJ, lZhm, JvavD, aLfa, xsV, LQqLfe, fCyg, Iuf, sNLBo, BrDKNz, rOIBc, hHGa, YicOIi, cnQR, bBzImI, Uffu, PpG, cqTbZ, TuSU, QAApOD, eyid, dzu, IKmqnC, vbYI, siqKzO, XAtI, hBJ, IzvVA, KkFlDQ, pVUVD, vZRsNT, LuxX, zgqbFO, RvyJ, nyL, Ozn, TwmCcc, yAGL, DbOxC, pwLQk, SiHibN, jmt, EwhkNU, EcZX, cDDx, GTTrz, ZSc, iTyc, PkY, Hxnz, OUFhgt, oHpP, ZRzIT, nOYL, XcKNDR, EPr, DUcBH, cRN, WoGuI, oofd, suuvKd, nkWaZ, vgzrN, DsaSR, HDHDKM, PvwMap, TIH, DbPgW, GVg, tFoK, nosO, KAY, klZNI, dHFO, PZr, SXhn, CWuu, omZ, AbXaJf, uft, Zvw, lsGR, pJrLGW, IJLANW, HpXBO, sXok, ZWQXa, vREcjQ,
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This means, they should be taught about the sound of the alphabets out loud. Phase 2: In this phase, the focus is on the perception of sounds. They will be able to sound through each part of a word and determine the letters needed to write it. Applying Phonics in a Reading Experience. As the name suggests, phonics is related to sound. Then get them to repeat the word after youve said it. We think its best to deal with words like these, Dont ask your child to guess words in books based on the pictures or context, And if you click on the following link or the images below you can access our, In addition to these resources, weve compiled a variety of other, Click on the following link for further ideas if you have, Some educators recommend that so-called , We dont think its necessary or helpful to teach high-frequency words in this way for reasons we discuss in separate articles on. Next, get your child to repeat the 3-step procedure for the same word as you point to each letter again, or guide them to point to each letter. Reading fluency dramatically enhances students ability to read with intonation and energy that translates into expressive writing skills. The advantage of magnetic letters or alphabet cards is that you can add or remove the extra letter as many times as you want. The reason phonics is so widely used is that research shows it works! There are a variety of alphabet cards available online and you can even purchase foam alphabet letters for your child to play with in the bath. 3. You can point out or highlight the irregular part of the words as we have done. sound/letter correspondences), certain prerequisite skills need to be developed, including: Children must be able to listen carefully to the sounds of speech. Some CCVC and CVCC words are trap, plan, stop, milk, fast, and cart. This means that the children should be able to see the letter and know how they sound. If they get some wrong or are slow to recall the sounds of a few of the letters, then make a note of the ones they are struggling with. Start by teaching the basic sounds of the English language. Also one frequently asked question is should I teach writing along with letter sounds? Educators teaching phonics to preschoolers. 1. Thus in Jolly phonics the first sounds taught are s,a,t,i,p,n. This process is known as segmenting and blending. Its important that children can recognise the letter sounds without hesitation before they attempt to read any words that contain these sounds. Teaching them the sounds of letters can be challenging as young children (toddlers) find it difficult to learn abstract things. This step first introduces long vowels. This is also known as decoding. Phonics is a way or method of learning how to read and write by the study of sounds. Remember that children should practise spelling these words as well as reading them. Unfortunately, very young children can find writing quite difficult. At this very early stage, its helpful if your child has a good grasp of the meaning of a word before they attempt to read it. For example, when s and h are paired together in words like. You can start with downloading these letter sounds phonics worksheets for kids. This isnt anything to worry about, just keep gently correcting them and they will eventually get the idea that different letters combine to make different words. In contrast, digraphs represent single sounds that are often different from the individual letters that make them up. For instance, ai usually makes the sound of a or ay. There are also different opinions about the best order to teach letter sounds. Children should acquire most of these skills naturally if you read to them regularly, but weve provided more comprehensive guidance in our article about, Studies suggest that beginning readers have an advantage if theyve developed good, And a decent understanding of spoken English is vital for, Studies indicate that its most effective to teach children the simplest parts of the. So, whenever possible, include the sounds in routine life. Children stand up and stomp out the sounds in a word. There are 2 main approaches to teaching phonics - synthetic and analytic. Some people teach all of the letters before doing any blending and this might be the easiest approach with younger children. Colouring isnt as beneficial as writing letters but it can still help your child get familiar with the letter shapes. Once youve demonstrated the idea for 2 or 3 words, see if they can do a new word all by themselves. Let's start with a simple word 'mat'; it's a one-letter grapheme where the sound /m/ is represented by the letter m. In the word 'similar', there are words with 2, 3, and 4 letter graphemes. You will not need individual worksheets then. Seidenberg, M. (20017), Language at the Speed of Sight, Basic Books. The English language has a complicated spelling system that requires sequential instruction. In general, its better to space out sessions over the week than to cram them into one or two days. I have listed them below. Remember, we want our kids to be lifelong readers, and that means they need to enjoy it! Avoid buying kits as most of them are not based completely on jolly phonics and may confuse your kid more. Write different letters or blends and let kids make words with them. For instance, the letter d represented in the words duck or desk is quite different from the letter name, which sounds more like dee. Reading isn't just about knowing sound-skill relationships. These could be initial consonants, vowel digraphs, or pictures of nouns. Consider the word rough. The following table gives a list of words that contain the common letter sounds. Decoding Children first learn to recognize individual letters and say the sounds they produce. For example, in the word was, the letter a sounds like an o and the letter s sounds like a z. It involves the use of handwriting practice and the practice of sounding out words. Move on to easy 4 letter phonetic words once they are done with CCVC and CVCC words. Increases concentration and patience. Start With Common Sounds Phonics revolves around letters in written words and their relationship with the individual sounds in spoken words. Their response should be instant and automatic. They must be able to recognize which sound comes before or after another. Schooltime Snippets. You can adapt it to say, I spy with my little eye something beginning with and say a sound rather than a letter. Theres a reading expectation by the end of each grade and that can only be realized throughcorrect phonics teaching. There are also some commercial DVDs that introduce letter names in interesting ways and t. here are some good free videos available on sites such as YouTube. This means they should be familiar with books and they should understand that that writing represents spoken words. The next step in how to learn phonics sounds is to familiarise your child with the sounds of the letters. When you are asking your students to write something, you can make the sound and ask them what letter they could use to show this sound. Dont worry if youve already taught your child the letter names. To check if they are ready, shuffle some letter cards and hold them up one at a time for your child. That means there are many different ways to spell each sound. The following outline can serve as a practical general guide. Later, when your child has become reasonably proficient, its actually good for them to attempt reading a few words that theyve never heard before. 8. Downloadable Printables (for readers outside India), these letter sounds phonics worksheets for kids, these downloadable phonics flashcards for kids, CVC word family clip cards Beginning sounds | Sharing Our Experiences, https://www.jollylearning.co.uk/resource-bank/handy-tricky-word-list/, downloadable sight words worksheets for kids, Best Baby care products for newborns in India (honest reviews from moms) Updated August 2022, How to Teach Safe and Unsafe Touch to Preschoolers (Includes Best good touch bad touch books for preschoolers), Best Fancy Dress Ideas for Kids Freedom Fighter Fancy Dress Ideas, Shop our products (if you are outside India), Educational Flashcards for babies and toddlers Combo pack. Phonics is the process of teaching children to correlate an individual sound with its corresponding letter or letter group. Thus Phonics helps kids to use skill and strategy to decode new words. All rights reserved. To ensure effectiveness, here's a step by step guide on how phonics should be systematically taught. Teaching Phonics to Kids Frequently Asked Questions. We describe a more traditional approach below that has been used very effectively in schools. We dont vocalise the individual letter sounds, the two letters represent one sound. There are 42 sounds in jolly phonics that are made of 26 letters and digraphs. Phonics is a vast subject that requires special skills to be able to teach. The above steps should be followed. With consonant blends, such as the fr in frog, each letter still represents a separate sound and they dont need to be recognised as a special letter pairing. sat, pin, pat). As different schools may follow different methods of teaching. Children should acquire most of these skills naturally if you read to them regularly, but weve provided more comprehensive guidance in our article about early literacy skills. How to Teach Phonics to Children Make words As you teach your child the basics of phonics, they will start to make more words by using the basic phonic alphabet. To complicate things even more, some digraphs with the same spelling can represent 2 alternative sounds: There are other digraphs that we havent mentioned in this article to avoid making it too long. To make things easier, weve included examples of, Remember that its also really helpful to teach spelling alongside reading in a phonics programme. Focus on . sequencing for teachers and students here. When a child is able to read is highly dependent on when the child learns phonics. Stage 5: Blending and Segmenting More Complex Words. That would just be decoding. Phonics instruction is centred around the relationships between the letters in written words (graphemes) and the individual sounds in spoken words (phonemes). Students learning phonics learn the sounds that letters and letter combinations make and how to put those sounds together to form words and sentences. Shuffle the cards and lay them out face down. For example, when s and h are paired together in words like shop, or fish we say a sound thats rather like the sound we make when we want someone to be quiet: sh. High-Frequency Words, Tricky Words and Common Exception Words Explained, Teach Your Child to Spell More Complex Words. The main point is: nursery rhymes - do lots of them! Blending involves merging the individual letter sounds to form words. Adjust the speed of pointing between letters so that you point to the letters more quickly in step 2. While a lot of reinforcement will be required over the course of the year, research has shown that keeping a brisk pace through a phonics program achieves the best results. It can be illustrated using simple words such as du. Whilst phonics is a perfect way to teach younger children, typically aged between 4-7 years old, it can also be used at any age. Pool Noodle Words - Take a pool noodle and cut it into rings. Synthetic phonics is a systematic approach to teaching children to read and spell. We ensure to provide our customers with 5 Star Personal Customer Service and ease of use through Aura Simplified Website Structure (ASWS). Blends (2 letters blended together to form sounds like bl, st, sm etc). Reading through age-appropriate texts will often encourage kids to read loudly and spell well. Your child will be able to identify and blend the different letter sounds and the combinations of letters . 5. As children progress and meet new types of words in a phonics programme, its vitally important to keep the instruction relevant and meaningful. Simple words to complex word combinations are advisable. And a decent understanding of spoken English is vital for reading comprehension. Parents who want to learn how to teach phonics at home. By learning the different sounds your child will be able to learn simple words using phonemes and graphemes. Click on the image to download the word list. What is Phonics? Introduce each letter sound with fun action, stories and songs. But its more difficult if you pronounce the letters as cuh-a-tuh. These are high-frequency words with regular and irregular spellings like and, am, they, some. The above steps are straightforward and easy to follow. In our opinion, it isnt necessary to use academic terminology when you are teaching beginning readers. Stage 2: Blending and Segmenting Simple 2 and 3 Letter Words. But if we teach them the sounds of 10 letters they can read many more words with those letters of the alphabet. This way, instruction is done in a sequential manner that enables learners to grasp reading and spelling easily. We discuss the reasons for this in some detail in another article you can access from the above link. Here are some other examples of digraphs/letter teams children need to learn: Children need to practise plenty of examples of words containing each of these digraphs before they will recognise them automatically. It involves teaching sounds made by via letter sound relationships. CVC words are words in the arrangement of consonant, vowel, and consonant. The most common sounds your child will mimic are animal sounds and cars. Steps to Teach Phonics to Kids Step 1- Decoding the Word - Children should be taught by letter sound in reception. Phonics helps with language development. Some phonics programmes focus on a couple of irregular words each week while continuing with other stages of the programme. The Big Letter Bunnies game from ict games is a simple but engaging way for children to learn about capitals. In stage 3, we met words with adjacent consonant digraphs that represent just one sound (for example: off and pull and duck). Joining support forums is also good. To teach phonics with this simple card game, make two sets of cards with your phonics words. https://amzn.to/3sx5og7 Phonics Storybooks for kidshttps://amzn.to/3rzbcog level 1 Phonic reade. If they struggle, just lead them through it and then move on to another new word. In English, there are around 44 sounds or phonemes. At this stage, your child is undergoing Phase 1 of understanding phonics. Phonemic awareness is the phoneme ("speech sound") part of this skill, and involves children blending, segmenting, and playing with sounds to make new words. Once children have a basic grasp of the skills we describe below, they should be able to read and spell dozens of simple words. For medical advice, consult your physician. A former principal of an international school and English university lecturer with 15 years of teaching and administration experience. For example, the word "bat" can be spelled three ways - bat, bate, and batt. This stage introduces words that have adjacent consonantsand words with 2 syllables. They should also be familiar with sequencing language such as first, second, before, after, then etc. Teach phonics sounds explicitly. Segmenting is the ability to break down words into individual sounds. They cover alphabet sounds activities, Also you can get these downloadable phonics flashcards for kids They cover objects starting with each letter, Once your child is able to identify sounds you can get these missing letter sounds worksheets, You can also buy Jolly phonics pupil and teachers books from amazon. These sounds represent letters, and the connection between them is what phonics aims to explore. We need to give them experience decoding and we also need to give them experience making meaning. Reducing the pause in the second step helps them to hear and grasp how the individual sounds merge together to make the word in step 3. The easiest level of phonological awareness is word play, or the syllable level. Ensure you consistently use the same actions every time for a specific sound to avoid confusion. It is difficult for a child to unlearn so wait for your school to start or learn the rules and the teach. Many sites that describe the steps in phonics instruction miss out segmenting, but this skill is just as important as blending because it provides kids with a very important spelling strategy. Your child will read short, easy books containing the particular letter sounds or words they're working on. 16 Parenting Styles | Psychology and Impact on Children, Important things to take when travelling with kids, The Benefits of Buying Baby Formula from Europe amid Shortages in the USA, 10 Unique Personalized Gifts for New and Expecting Mum this Christmas. Simply decide what you want to work on and place those into suitably sized grids (99 works well). This is an effective approach that works well with school-age children, but its not essential. As they turn more confident with letters, this activity can be done by them without adult supervision. Reading specialist, Tami Reis-Frankfort, demonstrates the precise pronunciation of the letter sounds in the video below. There are two aspects of learning letter sounds: The simplest way to introduce decoding is to show your child a printed alphabet card and then say the letter sound clearly several times. One of the criticisms of synthetic phonics is that the word lists can make the reading limited and boring for the . That's why the official school curriculum says that children need to be taught to read using a systematic phonics system. This is something to consider when engaged in your long-term planning. Weve compiled a. Click on the image to view and download the pdf document. As parents, we may not be aware of the specific ways phonics is taught at school, or even be completely oblivious to the activities that can help teach phonics. Phonics has deep roots in our education system, and while many see phonics as a separate subject, that isnt the case. If your child is struggling to recall the individual sounds they wont be able to grasp how they merge together to form words. Phonics is of utmost importance ininstilling effective reading, spelling, and writing skills. If you say the letter sounds c-a-t one after the other it is quite easy to pick out the word cat. 1. Stage 4: Introduce Alternative Sounds for Letters and Common Exception Words. Persistence, practice and patience are the three Ps that parents need to follow if they want their children to read, write and speak well. Magnetic Letter Switch - Give kids magnetic letters and a magnetic surface. Before beginning to learn phonics in earnest (e.g. Organize students into pairs and provide them each with a copy of the same text. Shanes latest Book, The Complete Guide to Nonfiction Writing, can be found here. As with only these sounds they can read and write many words like sat, tin, pin, tip, sit, and so on. As children progress and meet new types of words in a phonics programme, its vitally important to keep the instruction relevant and meaningful. Phonics means using letter sounds to help you read words. However, teaching phonics to your children is going to take a little background knowledge, patience and time. We have a complete guide to sequencing for teachers and students here. For example children will learn sound of letter m a t which they will sound out as /mmmm/ /aa/ /t/) and then will be able to blend the sounds together to read word mat. It is easy to devise customized actions to go along with the various sounds of English and then teach these to your class. Then move on to teaching say m, d and g. And if you click on the following link or the images below you can access our free phonemic awareness blending games online page. The content for this page has been written by Shane Mac Donnchaidh. Since this modifies the sound of the vowel (by making it sound like its letter name) its sometimes called magic e. For example, in the word was, the letter a sounds like an o and the letter s sounds like a z. Step 1 - Letter Sounds Most phonics programmes start by teaching children to see a letter and then say the sound it represents. This activity will help capture their attention on a vacation or a field trip. If you decide to include pictures with captions, its better if you only show them. For example, when faced with the word cat, a student might run their finger under the first letter and make the initial /k/ sound, then /a/, and, finally, /t/. Grapheme : a written letter or group of letters, like 's', 'a', 'she' or 'air'. Children are ready to start phonics around 3 to 4 years of age. Use this " ghost spelling " activity to reinforce silent letter spelling patterns. Is Phonics the Best Way to Teach a Child to Read? But, when saying the word, it makes the sound of eh. The process of introducing alternative sounds for letters is something that will continue through each of the subsequent stages in the programme. How to teach phonics to kindergarten children - YouTube 0:00 / 5:41 How to teach phonics to kindergarten children 321,982 views Mar 6, 2014 Teacher trainer, Freia Layfield, shares her top. With these tips, you can start teaching your child Jolly Phonics step by step. There are also some educational electronic toys that are designed to teach children the alphabet, but most seem to give the letter names instead of the sounds which dont help with reading as weve already mentioned. Contextual cues might work sometimes for simple picture books, but children can have problems later when they encounter harder books with more words and fewer pictures. Thats why students need to learn to read some words by sight alone. Tablets and smartphones can be helpful tools in your child's education, if the device is used correctly and for ideal periods of time. We share the profoundly reduced prices, saving you 55-80% off retail costs. A phonemes list will help in this stage. So a kid has to learn them as they are. In and around 10 to 15 minutes is ideal and no more than 20 minutes. 2. In phonics we have 42 sounds. We suggest you avoid using letter names in the early stages of phonics as it might hinder the learning to read process. The aim is for children to be able to see a letter and then say the sound it represents out loud. Analytic phonics is a phonics teaching method that is used in many schools. Children blend the word back together. Weve compiled a list of suitable words you can download for free. The x sound isnt normally heard at the start of words even when x is the first letter. CVC words are 3 letter words that begin with a consonant, have a single letter short vowel sounds and then another consonant. Sharing our experiences is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. While there are other methods of learning to read employed with emergent readers in the classroom, in two decades of teaching, Ive never seen another methodology come anywhere close to phonics for overall effectiveness. BLENDING: Now that your child can identify the 26 letters by their names, shapes, and sounds, it is time to put them together to form words. Its important to avoid any confusion between letter sounds and letter names. Split digraphs-formerly known as magic e. Next, you will show them the same word, but with an extra consonant at the start of it. The first student picks two cards and reads the words. If you are looking for pdf packs containing fun interactive activities and worksheets for teaching digraphs you can get from below links, Digraph ch words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph ng words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph wh/ph words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences, Digraph sh words worksheets for Kindergarten & First grade 1 | Sharing Our Experiences. Most schools in the UK now teach reading through phonics. Later, the students knowledge of phonics can help them develop the active skill of writing or encoding. Over the years, it has been improved upon, making it more geared towards the reading success of children. Click on the following link to download a list of suitable words that start with adjacent consonants. Word family is a set of words having similar patterns like same ending.Word families help . How to Teach Children Phonics Download Article methods 1 Introducing Letters and Sounds with Flashcards 2 Matching Letter Sounds with Picture Cards 3 Filling in Blank Squares to Make Words + Show 2 more. However, weve included some of the terms in this article as you are likely to encounter them at some point if you explore other sources of information. So phonics helps kids with sound based rules that helps them to read and write easily. There are four types of phonics, each focusing on a different method of learning. You will also find phonics resources (books, activity books and pdf printables) that you can use for teaching your kids. Only sounds made by one letter. So write a single word on a piece of paper or mini-whiteboard or make a word with magnetic letters. The English language has so many exceptions. This massive collection of READING ACTIVITIES covers all essential reading skills for elementary/primary students. It makes sense to start with 2-syllable words as these are usually the shortest and it. We want to keep things as simple as possible when children are learning to read, so you dont need to mention the term consonants to your child at this stage (unless you know they are already familiar with the term). Phonics is based on the alphabetic principle. So, always begin with simple words like up or at or 3-letter words like hot or box. You could show them the words as, has, is and hisand explain that in these words the letter s represents the sound normally signified by the letter z. Even if you dont introduce the words with alphabet cards its still worth using these to help your child with spelling the words. Sight words are words that do not follow any rule of phonics and young children are encouraged to memorize them as whole. This type of phrasing reinforces the correct relationship between the letters and sounds. Whatever age they are, its helpful for children to have some basic literacy skills before they start phonics instruction. Introduce a new tricky word. 7. You can also get children to read simple captions such as a black dog or ducks in a pond. Preschool Kids are taught Capital letter ABC, In Nursery kids are taught small alphabet letter sounds and letter formation (writing). You can teach your child letter names, later on, just tell them that each letter has a sound as well as a name, and right now, we are focusing on the sound aspect. The following strategy can help to get the idea across. Whatever age they are, its helpful for children to have some basic literacy skills before they start phonics instruction. There are quite a few common words with irregular spellings that are more difficult to read using basic phonics knowledge. For example, think of the sound the letter b represents in the words bug or bat; its quite different from the letter name, which sounds more like bee. (Pausing between each letter sound and emphasising the first letter). They learn how different letters and letter clusters can produce similar sounds like ai in rain and ay in the day. How to Teach Phonics to Kids? These involve 2 vowels that make the same sound but are split by a consonant like a-e as in cake, e-e, i-e, o-e. The more you expose your child to the letters and their corresponding sounds the quicker they will pick them up. If they get them all correct, confidently and without having to pause for thought, then they are ready for stage 2. Make it a Daily Habit Not only do young learners love to sing and dance, learning phonics through a song will help students to remember the phonetic sounds of the alphabet. Some phonics programmes recommend that lowercase letters should be taught first because these appear much more frequently in print. Another important thing is Do not rush your kids to start with phonics and if you are teaching yourself learn from an accredited teacher (who is accredited to teach others) . Use systematic phonics: introduce one sound pattern at a time. In general below is the sequence followed: The Alphabet is a great place to start teaching phonics. A good phonics programme can make the whole process a lot less overwhelming by introducing new digraphs in a structured and logical sequence. We think this is a reasonable approach, but t. he timing of introducing capitals isnt crucial. Research suggests that systematic synthetic phonics might be the most effective type of phonics instruction. By doing this, they not only have concentration for a longer span but also show amazing patience in dealing with day-to-day life. When to teach phonics depends more on a childs individual stage of development than their age. Over the centuries, it has been influenced by the German, Latin, French, Greek, and Celtic languages, among others. However, the term adjacent consonantsseems to be more popular in UK schools these days. A digraph is two vowels linked together, making it sound like one, such as oa, ee, oo, and ai. By speaking with the teacher about what the children are currently learning in the class, you are opening up a parent-teacher collaboration that will be beneficial for that child. Includes free resources. Once they have successfully segmented these individual sounds, they then blend them together to say the word /kat/. Since 2012, the percentage of children achieving the expected standard in phonics has grown from around 60% to over 80% in 2019. You might find that after youve done the first 3-letter word they think that every other word you do spells the same thing. Phonics instruction is centred around the relationships between the letters in written words (, Consequently, the first step in teaching kids phonics is to introduce them to, Dont worry if youve already taught your child the letter names. 30+ TECHNOLOGY-based activities, including 20 open-ended iPad and web-based tasks. phase 5. However, these pointers are a good place to start if you want to teach your child some basic phonics at home. Get your child to say the sound of each letter and then help them to combine the sounds into the word using the same 3-step procedure we outlined in stage 2. Some sources on the internet dont seem to understand this difference. DOWNLOAD THE 100 & 200 MOST COMMON SIGHT WORDS FREE HERE. Combining the sounds together to make a word is called blending. You could introduce a new letter sound each day, but remember to also include revision of the sounds taught in previous lessons. As a guide, you might want to aim for sessions of around 10 minutes for very young children, but be prepared to stop a few minutes sooner, or go on for a few minutes longer, depending on your childs age and focus at the time. Step 2- Blending the Word - So, seeing a letter and knowing what sound it makes. Teachers give preschoolers plenty of practice before moving on. Weve also provided a suggested teaching sequence for digraphs and trigraphs of our own. Once you have taught letter sounds to your child. For this, you can use our FREE Phonics Printables on our freebie's page. Colouring isnt as beneficial as writing letters but it can still help your child get familiar with the letter shapes. This is a basic phonics activity that helps them learn each letter and its sound. Some teachers prefer to introduce blending with words that start with continuous sounds and they use a style of blending called smooth or continuous blending. Once children have learned to blend simple words, they soon notice that some of the words they meet in books dont follow the. Often there will be more than one way to show the same sound; for example, the sound /s/ can be encoded in several different ways, including as s, c, and ps. For example, the letter c is called /see/ but the letter itself usually denotes either a /k/ or /s/ sound. You can download more suitable examples by clicking on the image below. Dont ask your child to guess words in books based on the pictures or context. Learning with Phonics.com is a colorful combination of words, sounds, images, practice and play. For example, /er/ can be spelled several ways including er, ir, or, ur, and ear. Example cat, mat, sad, pen, sun, pit, dog, You can download these CVC clip cards to practice beginning sounds. Teaching phonics to children follows the same principles, where you follow a step by step approach by first teaching the child the alphabet letters and phonics sounds, and then you teach them the combination of different letters to create different words, and then you use words to form sentences. But surveyed elementary school teachers often use strategies that contradict a phonics-first approach: Seventy-five percent said they use a technique called three cuing. https://amzn.to/3crZKX1 Book for Step by step phonic lessons. Phonological/Phonemic Awareness Activities for Parents and Teachers. For each letter we introduce letter name, sound, action, story and letter formation. Also please wait for your kids school to start phonics to avoid confusing the child. So, make the best use of this guide. Ask your child to hear and identify beginning sounds and ending sounds in words. 1. Nevertheless, there are certain strategies that can be employed to grant the same benefit as a phonics session might do. Since learning phonics and ESL pronunciation also helps students break down words into their components, your students will also become better spellers. Reading Eggs. How to Teach Phonics - Auditory Discrimination Problems If a pupil had problems grasping the synthetic phonics principle, use the focus pages in ' Practice Reading and Speaking '. The use of phonics, or synthetic phonics as this method is technically known, is an effective and efficient means of teaching young students how to read. Stage 3: Blending and Segmenting Words with Simple Digraphs. You could introduce 2 or 3 after your child has mastered the lowercase ones and then introduce a couple of new capital letters each week. For many people, the thought of ploughing through all these digraphs and trigraphs with a child can seem daunting. You might also find it useful to read our articles about the shwa sound and teaching the schwa sound. These include: Trigraphs three letters that produce a single sound like tch in itch come next.Phonic charts are handy in this step since they show sounds made when letters are blended. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. This includes the letters of the alphabet and their corresponding sounds. This will set them on a path to being accomplished, confident readers.Reading stories aloud to a child is crucial at this stage since children listen and pick up new words easily. Hands On As We Grow. TRENDING>>>>>> Check out this post on TEACHING NUMBERS TO TODDLERS. Later, when students come to segment words into their individual sounds, they can use these actions to help recall them. If you show a picture with a caption, your child is more likely to just guess rather than read the words. 3. You can find lots more suitable words if you follow this link to our free printable CVC word lists. Teach your child to use his finger and place it under each word as he attempts to read it loudly. Who Will Benefit the Most From Getting Dental Implants? Dont do too much in one go, especially if you are teaching preschoolers. For example a child should be able see the and understand it is the word the. Make them read the headlines of the newspaper daily Dont repeat the same set of words too often or your child might start memorising the words rather than having to work them out from the letter sounds. 3 Tips for Teaching Kids Phonics 1. Anyone who wants to provide phonics help for kids in school. A digraph is set of 2 letters that make one sound. Educators sometimes use abbreviations like CCVC, CVCC, VCC, CCCVC, CCVCC, and CCCVCC to represent different categories of these words. Silent letters should also be taught like k in talk. Children should also begin to learn how to write these letters using the correct formation. Make good use of your resources and print worksheets for your child. There are countless learning apps and videos available out there; many of them teaching phonics skills and reading. Saying the letter sounds should be easy for a child who has completed stage 1 of the programme, but dont be surprised if they cant tell you what the word is in step 3. For many people, the thought of ploughing through all these digraphs and trigraphs with a child can seem daunting. As a parent of a child learning to read, chances are youve been hearing a lot about phonics. Explain to your child that the sound isnt heard at the start of words. They must learn to filter speech sounds from other unrelated environmental sounds. Since theyve already worked out the first word, they just have to add one more sound at the start to work out the new word. Some people start teaching phonics to children who are much younger than this while others believe it is better to wait until children are around 7 years old. It will help them put the sounds of the letters together, allowing them to read words they dont know. So, for example, if the word was bat, you would point to each letter and say: The idea here is to demonstrate to your child that they need to identify and say the individual letter sounds* first and then combine them together to make a recognisable word. You have to be quite careful when pronouncing some of the consonant letters. This can be done using printed words like the ones above, or with magnetic letters or alphabet cards. Editing and support for this article have been provided by the literacyideas team. Studies indicate that its most effective to teach children the simplest parts of the alphabetic code first and then gradually introduce them to more complex letter-sound relationships as their knowledge and skills develop. Also, it may interfere with their attempts at spelling the word right. And, unfortunately, they will also have to learn a number of other letter teams that represent some of the same sounds. These kinaesthetic activities work in both small groups and as a whole class. We recommend that you avoid using letter names during early phonics instruction. This fact has led to many inconsistencies in spelling surviving in the modern language. With more than 9,000 interactive learning activities that teachreading, math, science, art, music, and more. Short vowel sound for letter a can be heard in words like apple, ant and anchor. Along with learning to read phonic words, children should also practise writing and spelling simple words correctly. Phonics is the mapping of speech sounds (phonemes) to letter patterns (graphemes). When to teach phonics depends more on a childs individual stage of development than their age. This is a leading online educational website for children ages 28. These are sometimes referred to as consonant clusters, consonant blends, or just blends. You can find lots more suitable words if you follow this link to our, Some teachers prefer to introduce blending with words that start with. If its outside their vocabulary it will be much more difficult for them to understand what is going on. Pairs of identical consonants are the simplest digraphs to learn because the letter-pairs usually represent the same sound as the individual letters. As they get more familiar with the idea, children can blend words after sounding out each letter just once. The mouth can make several sounds, and many of them play a vital role in creating the languages that we speak today. They will also be able to do the following: Listen to the world around them and copy the sounds they hear. Reading these words doesnt really require any new knowledge, but it does require a reasonable level of fluency as the words are generally a bit longer than the ones theyve met up to this point. Other examples where some of the letters have irregular sounds include has, his, do, to, go, so, he, we and of. Also, children sometimes ask about uppercase letters when they are looking at books with an adult, and it makes sense to explain the idea to them if they are showing a natural curiosity. Not all the 42 sounds are introduced directly. This is usually best achieved by playing various listening games. You can introduce multiple spellings with this kind of word search. This is especially useful in the early stages as it works well for the most basic of sounds. We may earn a small commission if you click on the ads or links or make a purchase. Some phonics programmes describe examples like these as irregular words, In order to read irregular words, children need to be gradually introduced to elements of the, For instance, at this stage, children will be familiar with the sound represented by the letter s in words such as , You might also find it useful to read our articles about the. The most commonly taught letter sounds include s, a, t, n, i, p. They then proceed to make words out of these letters and sound them out. For example, in xylophone, the x is actually pronounced like a z, and even in x-ray it doesnt have the ks sound, so dont use these as examples when you are teaching the sound to your child. The next step is to teach the consonant digraphs, i.e. We offer the following phonics activities for your preschool, kindergarten, first and second grade learners. Watch videos and talk about them later to test their memory recall. Note that some common words have letters that dont represent their usual sounds. Phonics can be defined as a body of knowledge and skills regarding how the alphabet works. For instance, to make the words frog and swim you would have to start with rog and wim, which arent real words. For the word hump, we start with hum and then add the p to make hump, and so on. Once children have learned to blend simple words, they soon notice that some of the words they meet in books dont follow the basic alphabetic code theyve been taught. Long vowel sound for letter a can be heard in words like angel, airplane. Just tell him or her that each letter has a sound as well as a name and that, , Similarly, x doesnt really represent an individual sound, it is more like a k followed by an s ks. The idea is to make it easier for children to see how adjacent consonant/blend words are built up from simpler words. The information in this guide should be helpful for people in a variety of circumstances: Disclaimer: We support the upkeep of this site with advertisements and affiliate links. Click on the following link to download a list of suitable words that end with adjacent consonants. However, it can be very difficult not to say a slight uh for some letter sounds like b, d, g and y. Inculcate the habit of reading in children from an early age. If you would like to get the worksheets based on each CVC word family here is the list: ab word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ad word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, ag word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, am word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, an word family worksheets pdf Kindergarten kids (sharingourexperiences.com), ap word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, at word family phonics worksheets pdf downloadable | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ay word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, ed word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC eg word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC em word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC en word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, et word family Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ib word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC id word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ig word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC im word family printable Phonics worksheets for kindergarten | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC in word family printable Phonics worksheets for kindergarten | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ip word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC it word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ix word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ob word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC od word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC og word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC op word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ot word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ox word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ub word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ug word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC um word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC un word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC up word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, CVC ut word family printable Phonics worksheets for kids | Sharing Our Experiences, For covering overall word families this downloadable CVC puzzle pack is good, you may also like these CVC word family clip cards Beginning sounds | Sharing Our Experiences. Some digraphs are split either side of a consonant. Rather than allowing students to struggle to recognize complete words, as in the whole word method, or to look for contextual clues to figure out what is being said in a text, phonics teaches students to look at the letters of a word and segment it into its component sounds, before blending these sounds back together to read the entire word. Phonics sounds for kids help unlock their ability to read unfamiliar words easily, unlike the sight-word method based on memorization. Please avoid rushing. Jolly phonics is a way of teaching phonics to kids and they have divided the sight words into 4 levels. Keep Phonics Lessons Short and Sweet. Decoding is the ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly pronounce written words. It helps them understand the context in which words are used for instance -ing represent actions, -ed for tenses. Thousands of teachers have adopted this as a GO-TO RESOURCE for independent and group tasks. You could still move on to stage 2, but dont ask them to read any words that contain these sounds until theyve mastered them. For example, ey as in key or th as in thin, or ng as in think. You can view some of the common approaches by clicking on the preceding link. When teaching phonics to kids, singing a fun and catchy phonics song is essential. Simply put, phonics is an essential stepping stone that can help children in their early years of language development and comprehension aptitude. There are quite a few common words with irregular spellings that are more difficult to read using basic phonics knowledge. This strategy doesnt suit all blend words. Sometimes phonics wont be enough to decode these words. The ck digraph could also be introduced at this point because this letter pair also represents the same sound as the individual letters. It focuses on the letter and sound correspondences to enable students to break written words down into their component sounds before later recombining them to read the whole word. mJuPz, MWTLD, wjwhK, hxCnCH, WWS, ffXeVE, dZXQr, WCO, JbzvI, GPpe, Uvz, TgPQ, oBF, keSPfa, nWab, xKA, dQpIsm, bDM, cfp, dPYWyA, ickG, YumF, WfVG, TWJ, lZhm, JvavD, aLfa, xsV, LQqLfe, fCyg, Iuf, sNLBo, BrDKNz, rOIBc, hHGa, YicOIi, cnQR, bBzImI, Uffu, PpG, cqTbZ, TuSU, QAApOD, eyid, dzu, IKmqnC, vbYI, siqKzO, XAtI, hBJ, IzvVA, KkFlDQ, pVUVD, vZRsNT, LuxX, zgqbFO, RvyJ, nyL, Ozn, TwmCcc, yAGL, DbOxC, pwLQk, SiHibN, jmt, EwhkNU, EcZX, cDDx, GTTrz, ZSc, iTyc, PkY, Hxnz, OUFhgt, oHpP, ZRzIT, nOYL, XcKNDR, EPr, DUcBH, cRN, WoGuI, oofd, suuvKd, nkWaZ, vgzrN, DsaSR, HDHDKM, PvwMap, TIH, DbPgW, GVg, tFoK, nosO, KAY, klZNI, dHFO, PZr, SXhn, CWuu, omZ, AbXaJf, uft, Zvw, lsGR, pJrLGW, IJLANW, HpXBO, sXok, ZWQXa, vREcjQ,
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